Bengar Jampäl Zangpo

1427 - 1489

After a subsequent 18-year retreat, Jampäl Zangpo composed the invocations of the Kagyü lineage, which are still chanted in the beginning of the Phowa practice, (as many Diamond Way Buddhists know from the Phowa meditation with Lama Ole) and which carries a special blessing: the Dorje Chang Thungma.

STORY

Jampäl Zangpo composed the invocation to the Kagyü lineage for the Blessings of “Dorje Chang Thungma” (friends who have done a Phowa course with Lama Ole know this text from the very beginning of the puja)

 

dorje chang chen tilo naro dang

Great Vajradhara, Tilopa and Naropa,

marpa mila chöje gampopa

Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa, lord of Dharma,

dü sum sheja künkhyen karmapa

You who know all past, present and future—the Karmapa,

che shi chung gye gyüpar dzin nam dang

Holders of the four earlier and eight later lineages,

dri tak tsal sum palden drugpa sok

Drikung, Taklung, Tsalpa, the glorious Drukpa and the rest,

sablam chag gya che la ngan yepe

Masters of the profound path of Mahamudra,

nyam me dro gön dakpo kagyü la

Unequalled protectors of beings, the Dakpo Kagyü,

sölwa deb so kagyü lama nam

To all of you, the Kagyü lamas, I pray: inspire me

gyüpa dzin no namthar jingyi lob

With your blessing to uphold this lineage, and follow you to liberation.

shenlog gom gyi kangpar sungpa shin

Revulsion for samsara is the feet of meditation; so it is taught.

sä nor kün la chag shen mepa dang

Free of craving and attachment to things like food and wealth,

thse dir döthag chöpä gomchen la

Having severed the ties to this life, inspire this meditator

nyekur shenpa mepar jingyi lob

With your blessing, to be rid of addiction to possessions and fame.

mögü gom gyi gowor sungpa shin

Devotion is the head of meditation; so it is taught.

men ngag tergo je pä lama la

The lama opens the door to the treasure of the pith instructions;

gyündu sölwä deb pä gom chen la

Praying constantly to him, inspire this meditator

chömin mögü kyewar jingyi lob

With your blessing, so that uncontrived devotion is born within me.

yengme gom gyi ngöshir sungpa shyn

Non-distraction is the main body of meditation; so it is taught.

gang sher togpä ngowo soma de

Whatever arises, in that very essence of thought, fresh, natural,

machö dekar jok pä gomchen la

Unaltered—leaving it just there, inspire this meditator

gomja lo dang dralwar jingyi lob

With your blessing, so my meditation is free from conceptual mind.

namtog ngowo chökur sungpa shin

The nature of thoughts is dharmakaya; so it is taught.

chi yang ma yin chir yang charwa la

They are nothing whatsoever, yet appear as anything at all,

magag röl par char wä gomchen la

Arising as an unceasing display; inspire this meditator

khordä yerme togpar jingyi lob

With your blessing, to realize that samsara and nirvana are not separate.

kyewa küntu yangdag lama dang

In all my lives, may I never be separate

dral me chö kyi pal la longchö ching

From the perfect lama, and so enjoy the splendour of Dharma;

sa dang lam gyi yönten rab dzog ne

Mastering completely the qualities of the path and stages,

dorje chang gi go phang nyur tob sho

May I swiftly attain the sublime state of Vajradhara.

 

This prayer has such great blessing because Bengar Jampäl Zangpo (after he received his Dharma instructions from the 6th Karmapa) went to a place in the north of Tibet in order to meditate on them. Between the Zangpo and Nagchu Rivers lies the very impressive Nangchen Thaklha Mountain Range, which in Dharma terms is the residence of Nangchen Thaklha, the deity bound through oath by Guru Rinpoche to protect and guard the Dharma teachings in that area, specifically the Karma Kagyü teachings. Behind the mountain range is the great lake Namtso Thungmo, the largest lake in Tibet, which is the residence of Nangchen Thaklha’s consort.  Namtso means “the lake that is vast like the sky”.

After Jampäl Zangpo received the teachings from his teacher, he crossed the Nangchen Thaklha Mountain Range and arrived at the shore of Namtso. There was a small island in the middle of the lake, called Tsenmodo, “Fingernail-stone,” its name describing how tiny the island was, almost like a little hill. In winter, the lake would freeze over and many practitioners and meditation masters would go over to the island. In summer the ice would melt and they could stay and practice for many months in solitude, until the lake froze over again, and they were able to return home.

Bengar Jampäl Zangpo did a retreat on that island for 18 years and had no problems. Some say it wasn’t difficult for him because Nangchen Thaklha brought him food; others say he lived on the food of meditation.

At the end of this time, on the basis of his realizations from practicing on the tiny island, he composed the Dorje Chang Thungma. It is said that it carries great blessing because it is a prayer resulting from 18 years of sincere and deep meditation.

Key Transmissions

Received Transmissions (an excerpt)

As for all future lineage holders the following four are the core transmissions of the Kagyü and later the Karma Kagyü Lineage:

  • Mahamudra
  • Six Teachings of Naropa (including Father, Mother and Non-Dual Tantras)
  • Path of Insight > Shinay/Lhaktong
  • Secret Path > Guru Yoga
  • Vajramala (= the explanatory tantra of the Guhyasamaja)
  • full transmission of the Tsurphu tantric teachings
  • Tara
  • Shije transmissions (originally one of the eight practice lineages in Tibetan Buddhism, based on the mahasiddha Phadampa Sanggye [late 11th, early 12th century])

Additional Given Transmissions (an excerpt)

 

  • Dorje Chang Thungma (prayer to the masters of the Kagyü school), it’s more than just a simple supplication to the lineage, it also incorporates an instruction on Mahamudra meditation.

Additional Special Abilities

  • 18 years of retreat on a tiny island on the largest lake in Tibet, Namtso Thungmo; rumors tell that he lived only on the food of meditation

  • Key-instructions how to conquer death
  • Fundamental Verses of the Middle Way (Mūlamādhyamakakārikā or Madhyamaka)
  • Mahamudra-Transmission in meditation/in a vision from Ratnamati in Southern India (where Ratnamati had lived)
  • Tripitaka-texts (Triple Basket)
  • Seventy Verses on Emptiness (Shunyatasapati)
  • Two Truths Doctrine - about relative and absolute level (= level with delusion and level without delusion)“
  • Six Collections on Reasoning (text)
  • Root Verses on the Middle Way, called "Discriminating Awareness"
  • Precious Garland
  • Refutation of Objections
  • Seventy Verses on Emptiness
  • Sutra Called “Finely Woven”
  • Sixty Verses of Reasoning
  • Collections of Praises (text)
  • Praise to the Sphere of Reality
  • Praise to the Deepest Truth
  • Praise to the Supramundane (Buddha)
  • Collections of Didactic Explanations (text)
  • A Commentary on (the Two) Bodhichittas
  • Selected text-collection of Sutras
  • Letter to a Friend
  • all Mahakali and Mahakala-Tantras
  • Guyhasamaja-Tantras

  • Dorje Chang Thungma = je Chang Thungma is the short lineage prayer, the wish to realize Mahamudra. This prayer was compose...
  • Open Glossary

  • Della Santina, Peter: Causality and Emptiness: The Wisdom of Nāgārjuna, Singapore: Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2002
  • Garfield, Jay L. (1995), The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way.Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Garfield, Jay L. and Graham Priest (2003), “Nāgārjuna and the Limits of Thought”, Philosophy East and West 53 (January 2003): 1-21
  • Hopkins, Jeffrey: Buddhist Advice for Living and Liberation: Nāgārjuna’s Precious Garland, Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 199
  • Jones, Richard H. (2014): Nagarjuna: Buddhism's Most Important Philosopher, 2nd ed. New York: Jackson Square Books
  • Kalupahana, David J. (1986): The Philosophy of the Middle Way. Albany: SUNY Press
  • Lindtner, Christian (1982): Nagarjuniana: Studies in the Writings and Philosophy of Nāgārjuna Akademisk forlag
  • Murty, K. Satchidananda (1971), Nagarjuna. National Book Trust, New Delhi. 2nd edition: 1978
  • Ruegg, D. Seyfort (1981): The literature of the Madhyamaka school of philosophy in India (A History of Indian literature), Harrassowitz
  • Siderits, Mark and Shōryū Katsura, 2013: Nāgārjuna’s Middle Way. Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, Boston: Wisdom Publications
  • Tuck, Andrew P. (1990), Comparative Philosophy and the Philosophy of Scholarship: on the Western Interpretation of Nāgārjuna, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  • Walser, Joseph (2005), Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture. New York: Columbia University Press
  • Westerhoff, Jan (2009), Nāgārjuna's Madhyamaka. A Philosophical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press
https://www.shambala.com/nagarjuna-readers-guide https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nagarjuna/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbUzz0_Oy1k

Historical events at this time

1430 Tibet entered in a period of internal power struggles. The Rinpung-rulers expanded their power in Central-Tibet; they were close to Karmapa. 

 

1447 Gendün Drub, the 1st Dalai Lama (1391 – 1475), a nephew of Tsongkhapa, founded the famous Tashilünpo-monastery in Shigatse.  He was (posthumously) recognized as the 1st Dalai Lama. 

1470s The Gelugpas had already the force and authority in Lhasa. In many other parts of Central Tibet the Karma Kagyü Lineage was influential. The Rinpung-ruler Dönyo Dorje who had controlled wide parts of Central Tibet since 1479 was a follower of the Karmapas and a close student to the 4th Shamarpa Chökyi Dragpa. Shakabpa p. 87: “The administrative officer who supported the Gelugpa Lineage refused the permission. The monastery was finally erected outside of Lhasa. Monks of the neighboring Gelugpa monasteries raided it one night and tore it down. A Karmapa-lama, Chödrag Gyamtso, was almost killed and escaped to Lhasa”.

1487 Gendün Gyatso (1475 – 1542) became the 2nd Dalai Lama posthumously. 

 

1487 – 1499 The 4th Shamarpa took the role of a king until the deceased king Gong-ma Kunga Legpa’s son could take over. Shamar Rinpoche relegated all worldly matters and remained a spiritual advisor. Many termas (terlungs) were found in which it was predicted that the Yellow Sect (= Gelug) would invite Mongolian warlords to destroy the dharma. Although many tertöns were Nyingmas they often asked Karmapa to confirm the authenticity of the termas.

Early 16th century

The 8th Karmapa’s spiritual activity and knowledge was unparalleled. He helped to heal the rift between the Gelugpas and Kagyüpas. At the same time his influence brought forward a relativ ely peaceful time. The Kagyü lineage became the most powerful sect in Tibet.

Sönam Gyatso became the 3rd Dalai Lama

1546 Sönam Gyatso became the 3rd Dalai Lama. 

 

1578 Sönam Gyatso proselytized the Mongol ruler Altan Khan who became Buddhist. The khan conferred Sönam Gyatso the honoray title Dalai Lama – originally in Mongolian “Tale Lama”. Thus, the Mongols became the patrons of the Gelugpas (there were tribes, hich had aleady become Buddhists before that time).

1601 Enthronement of the 4th Dalai Lama Yöntan Gyatso (1589 – 1617). He was Mongolian (a grandson of Altan Khan. He had left Mongolia in 1601 and arrived in Lhasa in 1602.

1605 Sönam Chopal, the head of the Gelug administration, the duke of Lhasa and some Monogolian troops a ttacked the Tsang government – and lost. Afterwards the Tsang Desi wanted to peacefully unify Tibet where politics and religion should smoothly co-exist (the Tsang Desi’s family had the 8th, 9th 10th Karmapa and the 5th and 6th Shamarpa as their personal gurus).

1605 The 6th Shamarpa wrote a poem on a scarf as a gift for the 4th Dalai Lama. Shamarpa only received a very rude reply from the Gelug administration because of a probably deliberate misinterpretation.

1606 The 4th Dalai Lama’s administration thwarted a meeting between Dalai Lama and Shamarpa although they were in the same region.

1618 Troops from Tsang conquer the Gelug monasteries of Drepung and Sera. As a consequence, an army of Koshot Mongols invaded Tibet in 1620/21.

1622 Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the 5th Dalai Lama (1617 – 1682) enthroned.